Beyond the People-Process-Tools Model: Toward Resilient Organizational Engineering
Rethinking the foundations of technology governance in an era of structural human variability A Time-Tested Model Confronting an Unprecedented Context The People, Process, Tools (PPT) model has shaped technology governance for decades. Its founding premise rests on the stability of human capital: skilled individuals, carrying a shared culture, apply defined processes using adapted tools. In its mature form, this model has always recognized that processes and tools encode organizational knowledge, with the human dimension serving as the activation vector. ...